This page lists cited papers for presentations
included in the Evidence-Based Treatment of Cerebrovascular
Disease series. Links to PubMed and to an appropriate
entry in the Stroke
Trials Directory are provided for each citation
when available.
ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative
Research Group.
Major outcomes in moderately hypercholesterolemic,
hypertensive patients randomized to pravastatin vs usual
care: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment
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American-Canadian Co-Operative Study Group.
Persantine Aspirin Trial in cerebral ischemia.
Part II: Endpoint results. Stroke 1985; 16:406-415 Stroke Trials Directory Entry: Persantine
Aspirin Trial
Antithrombotic Trialists' Collaboration. Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised
trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death,
myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. BMJ 2002; 324:71-86.
Berge E, Abdelnoor M, Nakstad PH, Sandset PM. Low molecular-weight heparin versus aspirin
in patients with acute ischaemic stroke and atrial fibrillation:
a double-blind randomised study. HAEST Study Group. Heparin
in Acute Embolic Stroke Trial. (HAEST) Lancet 2000; 355:1205-1210 Stroke Trials Directory Entry: HAEST
Bousser MG, Eschwege E, Haguenau M, et al; "AICLA" controlled trial of aspirin and
dipyridamole in the secondary prevention of athero-thrombotic
cerebral ischemia. Stroke 1983; 14:5-14 Stroke Trials Directory Entry: AICLA
Broderick JP, Adams HP Jr, Barsan W, et al. Guidelines for the management of spontaneous
intracerebral hemorrhage: A statement for healthcare professionals
from a special writing group of the Stroke Council, American
Heart Association. Stroke 1999 Apr;30(4):905-15.
CAPRIE Steering Committee. A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel
versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events
(CAPRIE). Lancet
1996 Nov 16;348(9038):1329-39. Stroke Trials Directory Entry: CAPRIE
Cardiac Arrhythmia Pilot Study (CAPS)
Investigators. Effects of encainide, flecainide, imipramine
and moricizine on ventricular arrhythmias during the
year after acute myocardial infarction: the CAPS. Am
J Cardiol. 1988 Mar 1;61(8):501-9.
Chimowitz MI, Lynn MJ, Howlett-Smith H, et
al; Comparison of warfarin and aspirin for symptomatic
intracranial arterial stenosis. Warfarin-Aspirin Symptomatic
Intracranial Disease Trial Investigators. NEJM 2005 Mar 31;352(13):1305-16.
Clark WM, Wechsler LR, Sabounjian LA, Schwiderski UE;
Citicoline Stroke Study Group.A phase III randomized efficacy trial of
2000 mg citicoline in acute ischemic stroke patients. Neurology 2001 Nov 13;57(9):1595-602. Stroke Trials Directory Entry: Citicoline
ECCO 2000
Clark WM, Williams BJ, Selzer KA, Zweifler RM, Sabounjian
LA, Gammans RE. A randomized efficacy trial of citicoline
in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 1999 Dec;30(12):2592-7. Stroke Trials Directory Entry: Citicoline
007
Dans AL, Dans LF, Guyatt GH, Richardson S. Users' guides to the medical literature:
XIV. How to decide on the applicability of clinical trial
results to your patient. Evidence-Based Medicine Working
Group. JAMA 1998 Feb 18;279(7):545-9.
Diener HC, Bogousslavsky J, Brass LM, et
al; MATCH
investigators. Aspirin and clopidogrel compared with clopidogrel
alone after recent ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic
attack in high-risk patients (MATCH): randomised, double-blind,
placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2004 Jul 24-30;364(9431):331-7. Stroke Trials Directory Entry: MATCH
Drummond MF, Richardson WS, O'Brien BJ, Levine M, Heyland
D.
Users' guides to the medical literature.
XIII. How to use an article on economic analysis of clinical
practice. A. Are the results of the study valid? Evidence-Based
Medicine Working Group. JAMA 1997; 277:1552-1557.
Grodstein F, Clarkson TB, Manson JE. Divergent Data on Post-Menopausal Hormone
Therapy. NEJM 2003; 348:645-650.
Gross DE, Brenner SL, Esformes I, Gross ML.
Arthroscopic treatment of degenerative joint
disease of the knee. Orthopedics.
1991 Dec;14(12):1317-21.
Guiraud-Chaumeil B, Rascol A, David J, et al; Prevention of recurrences of cerebral ischemic
vascular accidents by platelet antiaggregants. Results
of a 3-year controlled therapeutic trial. Rev
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Guyatt GH, Haynes RB, Jaeschke RZ, et al; Users' Guides to the Medical Literature:
XXV. Evidence-based medicine: principles for applying
the Users' Guides to patient care. Evidence-Based Medicine
Working Group. JAMA 2000 Sep 13;284(10):1290-6.
Guyatt GH, Sackett DL, Cook DJ. Users' guides to the medical literature.
II. How to use an article about therapy or prevention.
A. Are the results of the study valid? Evidence-Based
Medicine Working Group. JAMA 1993; 270:2598-2601.
Guyatt G, Schunemann H, Cook D, Jaeschke R, Pauker S, Bucher H;
American College of Chest Physicians. Grades of recommendation for antithrombotic
agents. Chest 2001; 119:3S-7S.
Jaeschke R, Guyatt GH, Sackett DL. Users' guides to the medical literature.
II. How to use an article about therapy or prevention.
B. What were the results and will they help me in caring
for my patients? Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group. JAMA 1994;
271:59-63.
Moseley JB, O'Malley K, Petersen NJ, et al.
A controlled trial of arthroscopic surgery
for osteoarthritis of the knee. NEJM 2002 Jul 11;347(2):81-8.
Moses JW, Leon MB, Popma JJ, et al; SIRIUS Investigators.
Sirolimus-eluting stents versus standard
stents in patients with stenosis in a native coronary
artery. NEJM 2003 Oct 2;349(14):1315-23.
NINDS t-PA Stroke Study Group. Intracerebral hemorrhage after intravenous
t-PA therapy for ischemic stroke. Stroke 1997; 28:2109-2118.
Samson Y, JC Baron, MG Bousser, et al.
Effects of extra-intracranial arterial bypass on cerebral
blood flow and oxygen metabolism in humans Stroke 1985 16: 609-616.
Brandt T, von Kummer R, Müller-Küppers M,
and Hacke W.
Thrombolytic Therapy of Acute Basilar Artery
Occlusion: Variables Affecting Recanalization and Outcome Stroke 1996 27: 875-881.
Caplan LR
Occlusion of the vertebral or basilar artery.
Follow up analysis of some patients with benign outcome. Stroke.
1979 May-Jun;10(3):277-82.
Clark WM; Wissman S; Albers GW; Jhamandas JH; Madden KP; Hamilton S; for the
ATLANTIS Study Investigators
Recombinant Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator
(Alteplase) for Ischemic Stroke 3 to 5 Hours After Symptom
Onset: The ATLANTIS Study: A Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA. 1999;282:2019-2026 Stroke Trials Directory Entry:ATLANTIS
Cook DJ, Guyatt GH, Laupacis A, Sackett DL.
Rules of evidence and clinical recommendations
on the use of antithrombotic agents. Chest.
1992 Oct; 102 (4 Suppl): 305S-311S
Furlan A; Higashida R; Wechsler L;
Gent M; et al; for the PROACT Investigators
Intra-arterial Prourokinase for Acute Ischemic
Stroke: The PROACT II Study: A Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA.
1999;282:2003-2011 Stroke Trials Directory Entry:PROACT
II
Gönner F, Remonda L, Mattle H,
et al.
Local Intra-Arterial Thrombolysis in Acute
Ischemic Stroke Stroke
1998 29: 1894-1900.
Hacke W, Kaste M, Fieschi C, et al.
Intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant
tissue plasminogen activator for acute hemispheric stroke.
The European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS). JAMA.
1995 Oct 4;274(13):1017-25 Stroke Trials Directory Entry:ECASS
Kwiatkowski TG, Libman RB, Frankel M, et al.
Effects of tissue plasminogen activator
for acute ischemic stroke at one year. National Institute
of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Recombinant Tissue
Plasminogen Activator Stroke Study Group. N
Engl J Med. 1999 Jun 10;340(23):1781-7
Marler JR, Tilley BC, Lu M, et al.
Early stroke treatment associated with better
outcome: the NINDS rt-PA stroke study. Neurology.
2000 Dec 12;55(11): 1649-55.
Mori E, Tabuchi M, Yoshida T, and Yamadori A.
Intracarotid urokinase with thromboembolic
occlusion of the middle cerebral artery Stroke
1988 19: 802-812
Multicenter Acute Stroke
Trial--Europe Study Group.
Thrombolytic therapy with streptokinase
in acute ischemic stroke. N
Engl J Med. 1996 Jul 18;335(3):145-50. Stroke Trials Directory Entry:MAST-E
Multicentre Acute Stroke Trial--Italy
(MAST-I) Group.
Randomised controlled trial of streptokinase,
aspirin, and combination of both in treatment of acute
ischaemic stroke. Lancet
1995 Dec 9;346(8989):1509-1514. Stroke Trials Directory Entry:MAST-I
NINDS t-PA Stroke Study Group.
Intracerebral hemorrhage after intravenous
t-PA therapy for ischemic stroke. Stroke.
1997 Nov;28(11):2109-18
NINDS t-PA Stroke Study Group.
Generalized efficacy of t-PA for acute stroke.
Subgroup analysis of the NINDS t-PA Stroke Trial. Stroke.
1997 Nov;28(11):2119-25.
Second European-Australasian Acute Stroke
Study Investigators.
Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of thrombolytic
therapy with intravenous alteplase in acute ischaemic
stroke (ECASS II). Lancet.
1998 Oct 17;352(9136):1245-51 Stroke Trials Directory Entry:ECASS
II
Smith WS, Sung G, Starkman S, et al.
Safety and efficacy of mechanical embolectomy in acute ischemic stroke: results of the MERCI trial. Stroke. 2005 Jul;36(7):1439-40.
Voetsch B, DeWitt LD, Pessin MS, Caplan LR
Basilar artery occlusive disease in the
New England Medical Center Posterior Circulation Registry. Arch
Neurol. 2004 Apr;61(4):496-504.
Zeumer H, Freitag HJ, Zanella F, Thie A, Arning C.
Local intra-arterial fibrinolytic therapy
in patients with stroke: urokinase versus recombinant
tissue plasminogen activator (r-TPA). Neuroradiology.
1993;35(2):159-6
The International Stroke Trial (IST):
a randomised trial of aspirin, subcutaneous heparin,
both, or neither among 19435 patients with acute ischaemic
stroke.
International Stroke Trial Collaborative Group. Lancet.
1997 May 31;349(9065):1569-81 Stroke Trials Directory Entry:IST
Low molecular weight heparinoid, ORG
10172 (danaparoid), and outcome after acute ischemic
stroke: a randomized controlled trial.
The Publications Committee for the Trial of ORG 10172
in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) Investigators. JAMA.
1998 Apr 22-29;279(16):1265-72 Stroke Trials Directory Entry:TOAST
Low-molecular-weight heparin for the
treatment of acute ischemic stroke.
Kay R, Wong KS, Yu YL, Chan YW, Tsoi TH, Ahuja AT,
Chan FL, Fong KY, Law CB, Wong A. N
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Fraxiparine in Ischemic Stroke Study
(FISS).
7th European Stroke Conference. Edinburgh, United
Kingdom, May 27-30, 1998. Abstracts. Cerebrovasc
Dis 1998;8(Suppl 4):64 Stroke Trials Directory Entry:FISS
Fraxiparin in Ischemic Stroke Study
Presented at the European Stroke Conference (May 2005). Stroke Trials Directory Entry:FISS-tris
Tinzaparin in acute ischaemic stroke
(TAIST): a randomised aspirin-controlled trial.
Bath PM, Lindenstrom E, Boysen G, De Deyn P, Friis
P, Leys D, Marttila R, Olsson J, O'Neill D, Orgogozo
J, Ringelstein B, van der Sande J, Turpie AG. Lancet.
2001 Sep 1;358(9283):702-10 Stroke Trials Directory Entry:TAIST
Treatment of acute ischemic stroke with
the low-molecular-weight heparin certoparin: results
of the TOPAS trial. Therapy of Patients With Acute
Stroke (TOPAS) Investigators.
Diener HC, Ringelstein EB, von Kummer R, Langohr HD,
Bewermeyer H, Landgraf H, Hennerici M, Welzel D, Grave
M, Brom J, Weidinger G. Stroke
2001;32:22 Stroke Trials Directory Entry:TOPAS
Low molecular-weight heparin versus
aspirin in patients with acute ischaemic stroke and
atrial fibrillation: a double-blind randomised study.
HAEST Study Group. Heparin in Acute Embolic Stroke
Trial.
Berge E, Abdelnoor M, Nakstad PH, Sandset PM. Lancet
2000;355:1205 Stroke Trials Directory Entry: HAEST
A randomized trial of aspirin or heparin
in hospitalized patients with recent transient ischemic
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1989 Apr;20(4):441-7
Heparin therapy for recent transient
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Keith DS, Phillips SJ, Whisnant JP, Nishimaru K, O'Fallon
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Baker RN, Broward JA, Fang HC, et al
Anticoagulant therapy in cerebral infarction: report
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Randomized, placebo-controlled trial
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1999 Mar;30(3):484-8
CAST: randomised placebo-controlled
trial of early aspirin use in 20,000 patients with
acute ischaemic stroke.
CAST (Chinese Acute Stroke Trial) Collaborative Group. Lancet.
1997 Jun 7;349(9066):1641-9 Stroke Trials Directory Entry:CAST
Diagnostic Testing for Patients
with Ischemic Stroke
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Disease, level of impact, and quality of research
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Jaeschke R, Guyatt GH, Sackett DL.
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The National Institute of Neurological
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International Stroke Trial Collaborative
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The International Stroke Trial (IST): a randomised
trial of aspirin, subcutaneous heparin, both, or neither
among 19435 patients with acute ischaemic stroke. Lancet
1997; 349:1569-1581 Stroke Trials Directory entry:IST
CAST (Chinese Acute Stroke Trial) Collaborative
Group.
CAST: randomised placebo-controlled trial of early
aspirin use in 20,000 patients with acute ischaemic
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North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy
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EAFT (European Atrial Fibrillation Trial)
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Secondary prevention in non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation
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