References

 

Users' Guides to the Medical Literature: XXV. Evidence-based medicine: principles for applying the Users' Guides to patient care. Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group.
Guyatt GH, Haynes RB, Jaeschke RZ, Cook DJ, Green L, Naylor CD, Wilson MC, Richardson WS.
JAMA. 2000 Sep 13;284(10):1290-6

Prevention of recurrences of cerebral ischemic vascular accidents by platelet antiaggregants. Results of a 3-year controlled therapeutic trial.
Guiraud-Chaumeil B, Rascol A, David J, Boneu B, Clanet M, Bierme R.
Rev Neurol (Paris). 1982;138(5):367-85

"AICLA" controlled trial of aspirin and dipyridamole in the secondary prevention of athero-thrombotic cerebral ischemia.
Bousser MG, Eschwege E, Haguenau M, Lefaucconnier JM, Thibult N, Touboul D, Touboul PJ.
Stroke 1983; 14:5-14
Stroke Trials Directory: AICLA

Persantine Aspirin Trial in cerebral ischemia. Part II: Endpoint results.
The American-Canadian Co-Operative Study group.
Stroke 1985; 16:406-415
Stroke Trials Directory: Persantine Aspirin Trial

European Stroke Prevention Study. 2. Dipyridamole and acetylsalicylic acid in the secondary prevention of stroke.
Diener HC et al: J Neurol Sci. 1996 Nov;143(1-2):1-13
Stroke Trials Directory Entry: ESPS2

Dipyridamole trials in stroke prevention.
Diener HC.
Neurology 1998; 51(Suppl 3):S17-S19

Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients.
Antithrombotic Trialists' Collaboration.
BMJ 2002; 324:71-86

Warfarin-Aspirin Symptomatic Intracranial Disease Study (WASID).
Chimowitz MI, Kokkinos J, Strong J, Brown MB, Levine SR, Silliman S, Pessin MS, Weichel E, Sila CA, Furlan AJ, et al.
Neurology 1995; 45: 1488-1493
Stroke Trials Directory Entry: WASID

Comparison of warfarin and aspirin for symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis.
Chimowitz MI, Lynn MJ, Howlett-Smith H, Stern BJ, Hertzberg VS, Frankel MR, Levine SR, Chaturvedi S, Kasner SE, Benesch CG, Sila CA, Jovin TG, Romano JG; Warfarin-Aspirin Symptomatic Intracranial Disease Trial Investigators.
N Engl J Med. 2005 Mar 31;352(13):1305-16.

Users' guides to the medical literature. II. How to use an article about therapy or prevention. A. Are the results of the study valid? Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group.
Guyatt GH, Sackett DL, Cook DJ.
JAMA 1993; 270:2598-2601

Aspirin and clopidogrel compared with clopidogrel alone after recent ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack in high-risk patients (MATCH): randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Diener HC, Bogousslavsky J, Brass LM, Cimminiello C, Csiba L, Kaste M, Leys D, Matias-Guiu J, Rupprecht HJ; MATCH investigators.
Lancet. 2004 Jul 24-30;364(9431):331-7.
Stroke Trials Directory Entry: MATCH

Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Acute Ischemic Stroke (NINDS).
The NINDS t-PA Stroke Study Group.
NEJM 1995; 333:1581-1587
Stroke Trials Directory Entry: NINDS-tPA Stroke Trial

Intracerebral hemorrhage after intravenous t-PA therapy for ischemic stroke.
The NINDS t-PA Stroke Study Group.
Stroke 1997; 28:2109-2118

Sirolimus-eluting stents versus standard stents in patients with stenosis in a native coronary artery.
Moses JW, Leon MB, Popma JJ, Fitzgerald PJ, Holmes DR, O'Shaughnessy C, Caputo RP, Kereiakes DJ, Williams DO, Teirstein PS, Jaeger JL, Kuntz RE; SIRIUS Investigators.
N Engl J Med. 2003 Oct 2;349(14):1315-23.

Effects of encainide, flecainide, imipramine and moricizine on ventricular arrhythmias during the year after acute myocardial infarction: the CAPS. The Cardiac Arrhythmia Pilot Study (CAPS) Investigators.
Am J Cardiol. 1988 Mar 1;61(8):501-9.

Major outcomes in moderately hypercholesterolemic, hypertensive patients randomized to pravastatin vs usual care: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT-LLT).
ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial.
JAMA. 2002 Dec 18;288(23):2998-3007.

Users' guides to the medical literature. II. How to use an article about therapy or prevention. B. What were the results and will they help me in caring for my patients? Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group.
Jaeschke R, Guyatt GH, Sackett DL.
JAMA.1994; 271:59-63

Carotid endarterectomy: where do we draw the line?
Gorelick PB.
Stroke. 1999 Sep;30(9):1745-50

Low molecular-weight heparin versus aspirin in patients with acute ischaemic stroke and atrial fibrillation: a double-blind randomised study. HAEST Study Group. Heparin in Acute Embolic Stroke Trial. (HAEST)
Berge E, Abdelnoor M, Nakstad PH, Sandset PM.
Lancet 2000; 355:1205-1210
Stroke Trials Directory Entry: HAEST

Divergent Data on Post-Menopausal Hormone Therapy.
Grodstein F, Clarkson TB, Manson JE.
NEJM 2003; 348:645-650

Powers WJ, Martin WR, Herscovitch P, Raichle ME, Grubb RL Jr.
Extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery: hemodynamic and metabolic effects.
Neurology. 1984 Sep;34(9):1168-74.

Y Samson, JC Baron, MG Bousser, A Rey, JM Derlon, P David, and J Comoy
Effects of extra-intracranial arterial bypass on cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism in humans
Stroke 1985 16: 609-616.

Gibbs JM, Wise RJ, Thomas DJ, Mansfield AO, Russell RW.
Cerebral haemodynamic changes after extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1987 Feb;50(2):140-50.

Arthroscopic treatment of degenerative joint disease of the knee.
Gross DE, Brenner SL, Esformes I, Gross ML.
Orthopedics. 1991 Dec;14(12):1317-21.

A controlled trial of arthroscopic surgery for osteoarthritis of the knee.
Moseley JB, O'Malley K, Petersen NJ, Menke TJ, Brody BA, Kuykendall DH, Hollingsworth JC, Ashton CM, Wray NP.
N Engl J Med. 2002 Jul 11;347(2):81-8.

Guidelines for the management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: A statement for healthcare professionals from a special writing group of the Stroke Council, American Heart Association.
Broderick JP, Adams HP Jr, Barsan W, Feinberg W, Feldmann E, Grotta J, Kase C, Krieger D, Mayberg M, Tilley B, Zabramski JM, Zuccarello M.
Stroke. 1999 Apr;30(4):905-15

Grades of recommendation for antithrombotic agents.
Guyatt G, Schunemann H, Cook D, Jaeschke R, Pauker S, Bucher H; American College of Chest Physicians.
Chest 2001; 119:3S-7S

Users' guides to the medical literature: XIV. How to decide on the applicability of clinical trial results to your patient. Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group.
Dans AL, Dans LF, Guyatt GH, Richardson S.
JAMA. 1998 Feb 18;279(7):545-9.

A randomized efficacy trial of citicoline in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
Clark WM, Williams BJ, Selzer KA, Zweifler RM, Sabounjian LA, Gammans RE.
Stroke. 1999 Dec;30(12):2592-7.
Stroke Trials Directory Entry: Citicoline 007

A phase III randomized efficacy trial of 2000 mg citicoline in acute ischemic stroke patients.
Clark WM, Wechsler LR, Sabounjian LA, Schwiderski UE; Citicoline Stroke Study Group.
Neurology. 2001 Nov 13;57(9):1595-602.
Stroke Trials Directory Entry: Citicoline ECCO 2000

A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). CAPRIE Steering Committee.
Lancet. 1996 Nov 16;348(9038):1329-39.
Stroke Trials Directory Entry: CAPRIE

Problems in the "Evidence" of "Evidence-Based Medicine."
Feinstein AR, Horwitz RI.
Am J Med 1997;103:529-535

Users' guides to the medical literature. XIII. How to use an article on economic analysis of clinical practice. A. Are the results of the study valid? Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group.
Drummond MF, Richardson WS, O'Brien BJ, Levine M, Heyland D.
JAMA 1997; 277:1552-1557