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Archer CR, and Horenstein S.
Basilar artery occlusion: clinical and radiological correlation
Stroke 1977 8: 383-390.

Becker KJ, Monsein LH, Ulatowski J, et al.
Intraarterial thrombolysis in vertebrobasilar occlusion
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1996 17: 255-262.

Bockenheimer S, Reinhuber F, Mohs C
Intra-arterial thrombolysis of vessels supplying the brain
Radiologe. 1991 Apr;31(4):210-5.

Brandt T, von Kummer R, Müller-Küppers M, and Hacke W.
Thrombolytic Therapy of Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion: Variables Affecting Recanalization and Outcome
Stroke 1996 27: 875-881.

Caplan LR
Occlusion of the vertebral or basilar artery. Follow up analysis of some patients with benign outcome.
Stroke. 1979 May-Jun;10(3):277-82.

Clark WM; Wissman S; Albers GW; Jhamandas JH; Madden KP; Hamilton S; for the ATLANTIS Study Investigators
Recombinant Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator (Alteplase) for Ischemic Stroke 3 to 5 Hours After Symptom Onset: The ATLANTIS Study: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
JAMA. 1999;282:2019-2026
Stroke Trials Directory Entry: ATLANTIS

Cook DJ, Guyatt GH, Laupacis A, Sackett DL.
Rules of evidence and clinical recommendations on the use of antithrombotic agents.
Chest. 1992 Oct; 102 (4 Suppl): 305S-311S

Del Zoppo G, Ferbert A, Otis S et al. Local instra-arterial fibrinolytic therapy in acute carotid terrority stroke: a pilot study.
Stroke 1998; Mar: 19(3): 307-13.

Donnan GA, Davis SM, Chambers BR, et al.
Trials of streptokinase in severe acute ischaemic stroke.
Lancet. 1995 Mar 4;345(8949):578-9.
Stroke Trials Directory Entry: ASK

Fagan, Morgenstern, Pettita et al.
Cost-effectiveness of tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. Cost-effectiveness of tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischmic stroke.
NINDS rt-PA Stroke Study Group.
Neurology 1998 Apr; 50: 883-90.

Ferbert A, Bruckmann H, and Drummen R et al.
Clinical features of proven basilar artery occlusion
Stroke 1990 21: 1135-1142.


Fields WS, Ratinov G, Weibel J, Campos RJ.
Survival following basilar artery occlusion.
Arch Neurol. 1966 Nov;15(5):463-71.


Furlan A; Higashida R; Wechsler L; Gent M; et al; for the PROACT Investigators
Intra-arterial Prourokinase for Acute Ischemic Stroke: The PROACT II Study: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
JAMA. 1999;282:2003-2011
Stroke Trials Directory Entry: PROACT II

Gönner F, Remonda L, Mattle H, et al.
Local Intra-Arterial Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Stroke 1998 29: 1894-1900.

Hacke W, Kaste M, Fieschi C, et al.
Intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for acute hemispheric stroke. The European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS).
JAMA. 1995 Oct 4;274(13):1017-25
Stroke Trials Directory Entry: ECASS

Hacke W, Kaste M, Fiesti C, et al.
Second European-Australasian Acute Stroke Study Investigators.
Randomized double-blind plecebo-controlled trial of thrombolytic therapy with intravenous alteplase in acute ischaemic stroke (ECASS II).
Lancet 1998 Oct 17; 352: 1245-51.

Hacke W, Zeumer H, Ferbert A, Bruckmann H, and del Zoppo GJ
Intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy improves outcome in patients with acute vertebrobasilar occlusive disease
Stroke 1988 19: 1216-1222.

Higashida RT, Halbach VV, Barnwell SL, Dowd CF, Hieshima GB.
Thrombolytic therapy in acute stroke.
J Endovasc Surg. 1994 Sep;1:4-15.

Kwiatkowski TG, Libman RB, Frankel M, et al.
Effects of tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke at one year. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator Stroke Study Group.
N Engl J Med. 1999 Jun 10;340(23):1781-7

Marler JR, Tilley BC, Lu M, et al.
Early stroke treatment associated with better outcome: the NINDS rt-PA stroke study.
Neurology. 2000 Dec 12;55(11): 1649-55.

Mori E, Tabuchi M, Yoshida T, and Yamadori A.
Intracarotid urokinase with thromboembolic occlusion of the middle cerebral artery
Stroke 1988 19: 802-812

Multicenter Acute Stroke Trial--Europe Study Group.
Thrombolytic therapy with streptokinase in acute ischemic stroke.
N Engl J Med. 1996 Jul 18;335(3):145-50.
Stroke Trials Directory Entry: MAST-E

Multicentre Acute Stroke Trial--Italy (MAST-I) Group.
Randomised controlled trial of streptokinase, aspirin, and combination of both in treatment of acute ischaemic stroke.
Lancet 1995 Dec 9;346(8989):1509-1514.
Stroke Trials Directory Entry: MAST-I

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Group.
Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke.
N Engl J Med. 1995 Dec 14;333(24):1581-7.
Stroke Trials Directory Entry: NINDS-TPA Stroke Trial

NINDS t-PA Stroke Study Group.
Intracerebral hemorrhage after intravenous t-PA therapy for ischemic stroke.
Stroke. 1997 Nov;28(11):2109-18

NINDS t-PA Stroke Study Group.
Generalized efficacy of t-PA for acute stroke. Subgroup analysis of the NINDS t-PA Stroke Trial.
Stroke. 1997 Nov;28(11):2119-25.

Second European-Australasian Acute Stroke Study Investigators.
Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of thrombolytic therapy with intravenous alteplase in acute ischaemic stroke (ECASS II).
Lancet. 1998 Oct 17;352(9136):1245-51
Stroke Trials Directory Entry: ECASS II

Smith WS, Sung G, Starkman S, et al.
Safety and efficacy of mechanical embolectomy in acute ischemic stroke: results of the MERCI trial.
Stroke. 2005 Jul;36(7):1439-40.

Theron J, Courtheoux P, Casasco A, et al.
Local intraarterial fibrinolysis in the carotid territory
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1989 10: 753-765.

Voetsch B, DeWitt LD, Pessin MS, Caplan LR
Basilar artery occlusive disease in the New England Medical Center Posterior Circulation Registry.
Arch Neurol. 2004 Apr;61(4):496-504.

Zeumer H, Freitag HJ, Zanella F, Thie A, Arning C.
Local intra-arterial fibrinolytic therapy in patients with stroke: urokinase versus recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-TPA).
Neuroradiology. 1993;35(2):159-62