Definition:
Inflammation of the lungs due to invasion of bacteria. In
a hospital setting, pneumonia is promoted by aspiration
of the pathogens and their invasion of the lungs, especially
if the immune system is already impaired.
Major cause:
mechanical ventilation
Signs/Symptoms:
fever, increased WBCs, chills, dyspnea, productive cough
Common pathogens:
Gram (-) aerobic bacilli (pseudomonas, klebsiella, enterobacter)
Staph. aureus
Antibiotics (empiric):
Beta-lactamase inhibitors + Fluoroquinolones or Extended
spectrum penicillins or Expanded spectrum cephalosporin
+ aminoglycoside
Definition:
Infection of the urinary tract in which growth of microorganisms
may be limited to the urine or may spread to adjacent structures.
In this text, UTIs develop while the patient is in the hospital.
Major cause:
Urinary catheterization -- may be due to technique, method,
duration, care of system, patient suspectibility, or closed/open
system.
Signs/Symptoms:
fever, increased WBCs, dysuria, urgency, frequency, malaise
Common Pathogens:
Enterococcus fecalis, Pseudomonas, aeruginosa, E. coli,
Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida sp.
Antibiotics (empiric):
Penicillins + aminoglycoside, Beta-lactamase inhibitors,
Extended spectrum penicillins, Fluoroquinolones
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